ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; (an expert) in the making; beginning; origin
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
any more; any further; any better; any longer
to put a burden on; to tax (e.g. strength)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
vehicle; horse-drawn carriage
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
bento; Japanese box lunch
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?