indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
deep-seated grudge; hatred
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
invasion (e.g. of a country); raid; aggression
garden; orchard; park; place; world; environment
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to cling to; to hold on to; to grapple; to set about doing; to begin; to possess (someone; of an evil spirit, idea, etc.)
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
escape; getting away (from); getting out (of); prolapse; proptosis
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to brace one's legs; to stand firm; to plant one's feet (firmly on the ground); to hold out; to persist; to make an effort
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
that far; so far; to that extent; stop!; not one step further!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
honorific/polite/humble prefix
play; playing; game; play and dance (at a kindergarten or elementary school)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged