indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
eye; eyeball; (arch.) pupil and (dark) iris of the eye; (arch.) insight; (arch.) perceptivity; (arch.) look
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing