suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(in) dire straits; (in a) serious bind; (in a) big pinch
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go back to the start; to reset; to restore; to return to the point (of a discussion); to return something (that has been moved) to previous place; to reconstitute
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
God; god; ace; king; superior person
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
all present; all concerned; all of us
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no!; no no!; no, not at all
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof