suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
curse; spell; malediction
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
to strike against; to collide with; to encounter; to meet; to clash
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
in that way; thus; so; so?
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; (an expert) in the making; beginning; origin
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
how; in what way; how about
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson
just made; fresh (from the oven); newly-built (house)
bread with chocolate filling; chocolate bread