wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to get dressed up; to treat oneself
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
adds force or indicates command
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
dweller; inhabitant; resident; user (of a website)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal