indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
all present; all concerned; all of us
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
I; me; self-centered man; egotistical man; pompous man
core; core; hardcore; all-out
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in