program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
d button; data button; button on a TV remote control for accessing programme information, weather, traffic, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
present; gift; to give a present or gift
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
all present; all concerned; all of us
stronghold; inner citadel; base; headquarters
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
barrier; protective wall; obstacle; hindrance; imaginary shield that gives one invincibility or immunity
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
constellation; astrological sign; star sign; zodiac sign
to collect; to assemble; to gather
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
Cassiopeia (constellation)
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cooking; food preparation
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?