indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
all present; all concerned; all of us
adds force or indicates command
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
gal (unit of gravitational acceleration)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up