indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
all present; all concerned; all of us
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
gal (unit of gravitational acceleration)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible