indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
announcement (esp. over public-address system); official announcement; formal information release
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to collect; to assemble; to gather
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report