large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
excellent; splendid; very good
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (of events, music, etc.); programme; program (booklet); brochure; (computer) program; programming
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
promotion; acceleration; encouragement; facilitation; spurring on
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
simulation; simulation (of a foul); diving; flopping
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
protector (e.g. chest); guard
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
burden; load (e.g. CPU time, electricity, etc.)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as