indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
accurate; correct; precise; exact
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
rhinoceros beetle (esp. the Japanese rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
omission; abbreviation; abridgment; abridgement
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
name; given name; first name
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
pictorial book; picture book; illustrated reference book; identification manual; field guide
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
hoe-shaped helmet crest; stag beetle
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all