senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
genuine article; real thing; real deal
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
puzzling; tangled; complicated; complex
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get information out of a person; to begin listening
commandant; commanding officer; general
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)