indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
all present; all concerned; all of us
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)