indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
light; right; right field; right fielder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
ancient Shinto music and dancing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
president (of an organization); director general; governor (of a central bank); party leader (esp. LDP)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
adds force or indicates command
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?