plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ancient Shinto music and dancing
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
light; right; right field; right fielder
to be worried; to be troubled
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
(turning) round and round; in circles; wrapping around; winding around
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
standing in a row; forming a line; alignment
boarding (a train, bus, etc.); getting into (e.g. a taxi)
cooperation; collaboration
please (give me); please (do for me)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)