indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
tirthika; non-Buddhist teachings; heterodoxy; unorthodoxy; demon; devil
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
(logical) true; regular; 10^40; ten thousand undecillion; original; positive
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
wedge; chock; linchpin; tie; bond
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
in that way; thus; so; so?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
how; in what way; how about
to be needed; to be wanted
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice