indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
considerably; fairly; quite
(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
white stone; white (go pieces)
so-so; passable; now, now; my, my
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
so; like this; in this way
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...