warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
regular; well-regulated; systematic; orderly
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
always; constantly; at all times; habitually
practice; practising; training; study
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yawn; yawning; kanji "yawning" radical (radical 76)
valley; ravine; gorge; canyon
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
long ago; a long time ago; already
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
last night; yesterday evening
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
grandfather; male senior-citizen
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to draw through one's hand; to stroke (e.g. a beard); to work someone hard; to masturbate
leaving (on, open, unfinished, etc.); (doing) continuously; constantly; keep ...-ing
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to complain; to make a complaint
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
self-awareness; awareness (of one's position, abilities, duty, etc.); perceiving (something); taking in (a sensation); self-consciousness
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
stage assistant dressed in black; stagehand; prompter; behind-the-scenes supporter; string-puller
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
changing clothes; change of clothes
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
embarrassing; embarrassed; ashamed; disgraceful; shameful
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible