indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
how; in what way; how about
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
suffix for familiar person
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to