indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
God bless me!; Good heavens!
same country; same province; the (said) country
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
all present; all concerned; all of us
tirthika; non-Buddhist teachings; heterodoxy; unorthodoxy; demon; devil
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inro; seal case; pill box; medicine case
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well