indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
number; number plate; license plate
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah