Kanto region (incl. Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
district; section; sector
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
arm; skill; efforts; ability
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
now; the present time; just now; another; more
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
wherein; therein; thereinto
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
course; route; course (of study); program; lane (in running, swimming, etc.); course (of action); policy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also