indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
supermarket; subtitles; telop; superheterodyne; super
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
costume; fancy dress; masquerade; converted (cruiser)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
attendance; presence; appearance
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
genuine article; real thing; real deal