indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
adds force or indicates command
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
man who brings the rain with him wherever he goes; man who is constantly unlucky with the weather
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
parasol (esp. one carried in the hand); sunshade
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
supermarket; subtitles; telop; superheterodyne; super
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed