indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)