indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
two persons; two people; pair; couple
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suffix for familiar person
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
bringing certain death; deadly; knockout (blow)
drawing a sword; drawn sword
raging fire; conflagration
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result