indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wise person; virtuous person; sage; unrefined sake
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
drawing a sword; drawn sword
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become