sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
zhen (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: thunder, east)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
club activities; extracurricular activities
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof