indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
god (esp. the Christian God)
adds force or indicates command
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
wife; Mrs; proprietress; landlady; large women's size (clothing)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
to struggle; to writhe; to wriggle; to act frantically; to make desperate efforts
spiderweb; spider web; spider's web; cobweb
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?