indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
god (esp. the Christian God)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Apollo (Greek and Roman god)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
command; control; commander
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give