indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
time; hour; period; class
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
twenty-seventh day of the month; twenty-seven days
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
going out (of a nobleman, etc.); visiting
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; the present time; just now; another; more