indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
professor; teaching; instruction
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
elimination; erasure; clearing; elimination (of variables)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
exclusion; removal; rejection; elimination; abatement; lifting (sanctions, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort