indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
subject matter of a painting; art supplies; art materials
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
suffix for familiar person
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
in that way; thus; so; so?
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)