indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to revive; to come to oneself; to be restored to life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
time; hour; period; class
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
deep sea; depths of the sea; ocean depths
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
so; like this; in this way
good feeling; feeling good
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right