indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
going out (of a nobleman, etc.); visiting
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
adds force or indicates command
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
dragon (as depicted in Western myths)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)