indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
adds force or indicates command
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend