indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
public performance; exhibition in a foreign country
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick