indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
rule; domination; direction; management; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put oneself in (situation, environment, etc.); to surround oneself with
people; men and women; each person; everybody
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause); paying tribute; tribute
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
vertex; apex; top (e.g. of a mountain); summit; top (of a profession, field, etc.); summit
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
to be handed down from generation to generation
kitchen knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
fish pen; holding pond; fish tank; live well; live-box
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga)
whole; total; gross; entire; overall; general (election, manager, etc.)
office; official; chief; head; person (usually a woman) who officiates at religious ceremonies (on the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
foe; enemy; resentment; enmity; harm; injury
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively