indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put oneself in (situation, environment, etc.); to surround oneself with
people; men and women; each person; everybody
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to be transmitted (handed down) from generation to generation
kitchen knife; carving knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
fish pen; holding pond; fish tank; live well; live-box
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
foe; enemy; resentment; enmity; harm; injury
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively