indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
belt (waist, seat, etc.); strap; belt; zone; drive belt; machine belt
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
adds force or indicates command
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah