indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
lily (Lilium spp.); yuri; genre of comics and novels about female homosexuality
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
discord; dissonance; cacophony; discord (in a relationship); disagreement; disharmony
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality