indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
two persons; two people; pair; couple
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
adds force or indicates command
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility