indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
serious wound; serious injury
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
scream; shriek; shout; exclamation
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
to take seriously; to believe in; to fall for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
another helping; second helping; seconds; command to have dog place its second paw in one's hand
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
wicket gate; wooden door; entrance to an entertainment venue (i.e. sumo arena, etc.)
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
suffix for familiar person