indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
police officer; policeman; constable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bento; Japanese box lunch
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
police; police officer; police station
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember