ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
first month of the lunar calendar; January
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
all-purpose; utility; universal; all-powerful; almighty; omnipotent
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
(arch.) to be; (arch.) to be (location); sum of money
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality