indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
Charis; Grace; minor goddess of charm, beauty, etc.; chalice (for Holy Communion)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!