indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
first month of the lunar calendar; January
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
belt (waist, seat, etc.); strap; belt; zone; drive belt; machine belt
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)