tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
(arch.) to be; (arch.) to be (location); sum of money
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Wuhuan (proto-Mongolic nomadic people)
chief; head (of an office, of a laboratory)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
belt (waist, seat, etc.); strap; belt; zone; drive belt; machine belt
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
well done!; good job!; good work!; you did it!; bravo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
return gift; return favour (favor); revenge; change (in a cash transaction)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry