indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
Cronus (Greek god); Kronos
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
suffix for familiar person
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
adds force or indicates command
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
famous sword; sword blade by Masamune; sake; Japanese rice wine; brand of sake from Nada region during Tenpō era (1830-1844)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's